Romania e-invoicing mandate: RO e-Factura since 2024
Romania's mandatory B2B e-invoicing via RO e-Factura since January 2024 (SPV clearance). Format: RO_CIUS based on EN 16931 (UBL 2.1 or CII).
| Mandatory B2B e-invoicing | since 1 January 2024 (Law 296/2023) |
|---|---|
| B2C e-invoicing | since January 2025 |
| Model | Central clearance via ANAF's SPV platform |
| Format | RO_CIUS (EN 16931; UBL 2.1 or CII) |
Romania introduced mandatory B2B e-invoicing on 1 January 2024 (Law 296/2023) and, like Italy, operates a clearance model through the state platform RO e-Factura.
Clearance via RO e-Factura / SPV
Invoices pass through the SPV (Spatiul Privat Virtual) of the tax administration ANAF, which runs structural, syntax and semantic validation and applies a Ministry of Finance signature to the validated invoice. Submission must happen within a few calendar days of issuance. Since January 2025 a B2C mandate also applies.
The RO_CIUS format
Invoices must conform to RO_CIUS — the national, EN-16931-compliant usage specification, in either the UBL 2.1 or the CII syntax. That ties Romania fully to the European data model; alignment with the ViDA rules follows by 2035.
How invowerk helps
invowerk validates RO_CIUS-adjacent UBL or CII invoices against EN 16931 and explains every BR error code in plain language (see /codes). Submission must go through RO e-Factura; the upstream format and field checks plus UBL/CII conversion are handled by the API.